The Lies of Locke Lamora
Why it's similar
Scott Lynch's The Lies of Locke Lamora shares so much DNA with The Name of the Wind that Rothfuss himself has acknowledged the parallels. Both books follow an orphan with a silver tongue who survives by his wits in a world that should have killed him. Both use a dual timeline structure, cutting between the protagonist's training years and a present-day crisis. Both have prose that crackles with dark humor and precise observation. Where they differ is tone. Kvothe is a romantic figure telling his own legend.
Locke is a con artist running elaborate heists against the nobility of a Venetian-inspired city. Lynch writes action and dialogue with a rat-a-tat energy that Rothfuss does not aim for. I think of this as The Name of the Wind's street-smart cousin. If you loved Kvothe's cleverness and the way Rothfuss builds a lived-in world through small details, Lynch does the same thing with a faster pulse and a dirtier sense of humor. The Gentleman Bastards series rewards rereading just like Kingkiller does.