A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
Urban tenement poverty replaces genteel New England struggle.
Betty Smith's 1943 novel follows Francie Nolan from age eleven through her teenage years in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Like Jo March, Francie is a reader and a writer living in a family that does not have enough money. Her mother scrubs floors. Her father drinks. But the Nolans love each other with a ferocity that burns through every page.
Smith writes poverty without sentimentality. You feel the hunger, the cold tenement rooms, the humiliation of being poor in a city that does not care. But you also feel Francie's absolute refusal to let her circumstances define her future. She reads every book in the library, alphabetically, and holds onto her imagination the way Jo holds onto her writing. Where Alcott gave us a family sustained by Marmee's moral backbone, Smith gives us a family sustained by sheer grit.
The mother-daughter relationship here is just as central and just as complicated as anything in Little Women. Francie loves her mother and knows her mother loves her sister more. That wound runs through the whole book, and Smith never pretends it heals easily.





